Imenyekanisha
Mu gihe c’iterambere ryihuta- ry’ubuhinga bwo gukora ibikoresho vy’inganda zo muri iki gihe, ivyifuzo vyo kw’isi yose vyo gukora ibintu mu buryo bubereye, vyihuta, bishobora gusubirwamwo, n’ubutungane bw’imibumbe mu guhingura ivyuma ntivyigeze bishika ku rugero rwo hejuru. Ubuhinga bwa kera bwo gufatanya nk’ugusudira ivyuma bikingiwe, gusudira ivyuma bikoresheje gazi (MIG), n’uburyo bwo gusudira ivyuma bikoresheje gazi tungsten (TIG) vyafashije cane inganda zikomeye n’izitobato mu myaka mirongo, ariko kenshi zigaragaza imipaka ikomeye, isanzwe ku bijanye n’ubushuhe bwagutse}therffetion, umuvuduko, n’ibisabwa bikomeza vy’uguheza no gusya vyinshi, bikoreshwa cane -inyuma y’ugusudira. Uko ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwo muri iki gihe vyihuta guhindukira bikaja ku mirongo y’ubuhinga bwikora, ugushiramwo ivyuma bikomeye, gukoranya ibintu bikomeye, n’ukwihanganira ibipimo bikomeye, abahinga biyumvira imbere, abarongozi b’ibikorwa, n’abahinga mu vy’amasoko bariko baratera imbere mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibintu. gushitsa ingingo mfatirwako z’uguhingura zitagira aho zigarukira.
Ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’iyi mpinduka y’ubuhinga iriko irabandanya, hari imashini y’ugusudira y’ubuhinga bwa laser ikora cane. Mu gukoresha umuco w’ibara rimwe wibanda cane kandi uhuye, izo nzira zikomeye zitanga uburemere budasanzwe bw’inguvu zitaziguye ku nzira y’ibihimba vy’umubiri, bigatuma ivyuka vyihuta gusenyuka n’ugukorana kw’ivyuma ata n’ubushuhe bukeyi buhinduka buja ku bikoresho vy’inyubako bikikije. Yaba ikigo kiriko kirafatanya ibihimba vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi bikomeye cane, gikingira neza ibikoresho vy’amabateri y’imodoka, canke gikora ibipande bikomeye vy’ivyuma vy’indege, guhitamwo ibikoresho bikwiye bisaba gutahura neza ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa laser, ububasha. Iyi nkuru y’umuguzi yuzuye yateguwe neza cane kugira ngo igendere muri ivyo bibazo vy’ubuhinga bikomeye, ifashe abahinga mu vy’amasoko, abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga, n’abafise ubucuruzi bw’amashirahamwe gufata ingingo z’ishoramari zishingiye ku makuru yuzuye, zishobora gutuma umuntu agira ico akora muri kazoza igihe aronka imashini yo gusudira laser y’inganda.
Gutahura ubuhinga bwa Laser n'ubwoko bw'inkomoko
Intambwe ya mbere kandi ihambaye cane mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gutanga amasoko ni ukumenya no guhitamwo ubuhinga bukwiye bwo gukoresha laser. Uburyo bwa laser bw’inganda bushirwa mu migwi ahanini kubera uburyo bukora bwo kuronka inyungu, aho uburyo bumwe bumwe butandukanye butanga uburebure bw’umuvuduko w’amaso bwihariye bukorana n’ibintu bitandukanye vy’ivyuma mu buryo butandukanye cane.
Amamashini yo gusudira akoresheje laser y’insinga yarakomeje ningoga ikibanza cayo nk’ikigereranyo c’inzahabu kitagira aho kigarukira mu guhingura ivyuma vy’ubu mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Ukoresheje intsinga z’amaso zidasanzwe-zifise ivyuma nk’ivya erbium, ytterbium, canke neodymium{4}}nk’uburyo bwo kuronka inyungu, izo nzira zitanga uburebure bw’umuvuduko w’infrared hafi y’ama nanometero 1064. Ubu burebure bw’umuvuduko bugufi buratanga ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gufata amaso mu vyuma vyinshi vy’inganda, harimwo ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, ivyuma bitagira ibara, ivyuma vy’aluminiyumu, umuringa, umuringa, n’ivyuma vy’umuringa vy’umwihariko. Lasers z’insinga zitanga umuco mwinshi cane, ubushobozi bwo guhindura umuyagankuba-mu -amaso, n’ugukora hafi kw’ubuntu-kugira amasaha ibihumbi mirongo y’akazi adahagarara. Ni vyiza cane ku bijanye n’ugusudira kw’imyobo y’urufunguzo, ivyo bikaba bituma haba ugusudira kw’imirongo y’urufunguzo y’agaciro kanini, n’ugusudira kw’imirongo y’ubuhinga bwihuta cane.
Nd:YAG (Neodymium{0}}iyitwa Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) igereranya ubuhinga bukomeye, bushingiye ku buhinga bushobora gutuma habaho uburebure bw’umuvuduko busa n’ubwo hafi y’uburebure bw’umutuku bugera kuri nanometero 1064. Naho ahanini vyasubiriwe n’amatara y’umuyagankuba mu bikorwa vy’umuyagankuba bikomeza kubera inguvu nyinshi z’umuyagankuba, gusubirira amatara, n’ugucungera ubushuhe, ubuhinga bwa Nd:YAG buguma bufise agaciro kanini mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwihariye. Ubushobozi bwabo bwihariye bwo gutanga ubushobozi bugenzurwa neza, bufise ubushobozi bwinshi butuma bukora neza cane mu gusudira ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, amabateri, ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba, n’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi bifise uruhome rworoshe aho bisaba gukoresha neza ingengo y’imari y’ubushuhe. ivyonona.
CO2 lasers, zikora mu nzira ya kure-infrared spectrum ku 10.6 micrometers, zari zihambaye cane mu mateka mu gucapura bikomeye mu nganda no mu bikorwa vyo gusudira amasahani manini -. Ariko rero, uburebure bwavyo bw’umuvuduko burebure cane ntibufatwa nabi n’ivyuma bitagira -vyuma bigaragara cane nk’aluminium n’umuringa, bikaba bituma haba uguca ibibatsi kwinshi mu ntango kandi bishobora kwonona amaso. Ikindi kandi, ubuhinga bwa CO2 busaba ivyirore vy’inyuma bikomeye, ibikoresho vyo gusukura gazi, n’imivango ya gazi ya laser. Ku bw’ivyo, ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’uguhingura ivyuma vyinshi, ubuhinga bwa CO2 bwarakuweho cane kugira ngo haboneke ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza inguvu, uguhinduranya, n’ugutanga umuco w’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa laser bikomeye.
Ivyagezwe vy'ingenzi: Inguvu, Uburyo bw'Umuco, n'Uburyo bwo Kugenzura
Igihe ubuhinga bubereye bwo gukoresha laser bumaze gushingwa, abahinga mu vy’amasoko bategerezwa gusuzuma ibipimo nyamukuru vy’imikorere bigena ubushobozi bw’imashini bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, n’uburyo bwo gusudira.
Inguvu za laser zisohoka, zipimwa mu watts canke kilowatts, zikora nk’ikintu nyamukuru kigaragaza uburebure burengeye ubw’ugushika mu gusudira n’umuvuduko w’urugendo rwo gukora. Uburyo bufise ubushobozi buke -buva ku 500 watts gushika ku 1500 watts bukoreshwa mu gusudira neza, gukora ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none vy'amabara make, no gukingira ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none. Uburyo bwo hagati -bukora hagati ya 2000 watts na 4000 watts butanga ubushobozi bwinshi cane bwo gukora ivyuma rusangi, gukoranya ibihimba vy’umubiri w’imodoka, no gufatanya amasahani y’uburebure buringaniye. Ivyuma vy’inguvu nyinshi-birenga 6000 watts gushika ku kilowatts 20 vyakozwe cane cane mu bikorwa vy’inganda bikomeye, mu gukora ivyuma vy’imibumbe y’ibice vyinshi, mu kwubaka ubwato, no mu gukora imiyoboro n’imiyoboro vy’umuvuduko munini ukomeza. Guhuza ubushobozi n'uburebure bw'ibikoresho vyawe, imiterere y'ibikoresho, n'ingendo y'ibikorwa bisabwa bibuza inzitizi z'ibikorwa zizimvye zivuye ku bushobozi buke -n'amahera menshi cane akoreshwa mu gushiramwo amahera menshi mu bushobozi butakoreshwa.
Ubwiza bw'umuco, ugukwiragira kw'uburemere bw'ahantu, n'umuco ni ibipimo bihambaye bingana. Inganda zo muri iki gihe zikoresha kenshi uburyo bwo gutanga umuyagankuba, nk’intsinga zishobora guhindurwa canke imitwe y’ibipimo vy’umuyagankuba bishobora guhindurwa. Umutwe uzunguruka urazunguruka cane umuco wa laser wibandako mu buryo bw’uruziga, bw’uruziga canke rw’umurongo uko ugendagenda ku nzira y’uruzitiro. Ivyo bikoresho bigenzurwa bitera umunezero ikidengeri c’amazi, bikazibira ibihengeri vy’imizi, bikakuraho micro-porosity, kandi bikaba bitera imbere cane mu bijanye n’ubwiza n’imiterere y’urudodo rwo gusudira, cane cane igihe umuntu ariko arakora ibikoresho bigoranye bigaragaza umuco nk’ivyuma vy’aluminium. Ikindi, gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo guhingura ivyuma bikomeye bituma ababikoresha bashobora kugenzura neza neza imiterere y’inguvu ziduga n’iziduga, bikaba bikuraho neza ugusaduka n’uguhungabana kw’ubushuhe mu gihe c’ugukomera.
Ukwinjiza, kwikoresha, n'ubuhinga bwo gukora neza mu bidukikije vy'uruganda
Gushiramwo amahera mu mashine yo gusudira laser y’inganda ni gake cane gusa kuronka isandugu y’ibikoresho yigenga; birimwo gushiramwo ata nkomanzi igice c’amaso gikomeye mu bidukikije vy’uruganda rwawe ruriho. Ibidukikije vy’ubuhinga bwa none bisaba ko bihuye neza n’ibikorwa remezo vy’uruganda, ibikoresho vy’uruganda bikoreshwa n’amaroboti, be n’ingingo ngenderwako zikomeye zo kumenya neza ko ibikorwa bigenda neza.
Ku bidukikije vy'ubuhinga bwinshi-, utugingo ngengabuzima tw'ubuhinga bwa laser ni two duhitamwo inganda. Multi-axis articulated robotic arms ifatanijwe n’imitwe y’ugusudira laser ishobora gukoreshwa mu bipimo bitatu, ibipimo vy’imibiri y’imodoka, n’ibipimo vy’ikirere bikomeye bifise ubushobozi bwo gusubiramwo ibintu vyose kandi bishobora guca mu nzira ndende. Naho nyene, ubuhinga bwa CNC-bugenzurwa n’ibibanza vy’akazi vy’ibikoresho vy’imbere mu nzu ni vyiza ku bijanye no gukora amabarabara, gukora amabarabara, no gukora imirongo y’amateraniro yihariye aho ibice vy’umubiri bihuye kandi bishobora gutegekanirwa.
Ivyerekeye ubuhinga bwo gukora neza, kwubahiriza umutekano, n’ugucungera ibidukikije na vyo nyene bitegerezwa gufatwa mu mutwe mu bijanye no gukorana n’imashini. Kubera ko ubuhinga bwo gusudira bukoresheje laser butera imishwarara y’uburemere bwinshi be n’umuco w’infrared utaboneka, ubuhinga butegerezwa kuba bufise ibihome bikomeye vy’uburinzi vy’umugwi wa mbere bifise inzugi zikingiye, amadirisho yihariye yo kurabirako, n’ibikoresho vy’uburinzi vyemewe. Ikindi, gukura umwotsi neza no gucunga neza gazi y’uburinzi ni ibisabwa mu bikorwa bidashobora gusubirwamwo. Imyuka y’uburinzi idakora nk’iyitwa argon, helium canke imyuka yihariye ivanze, iguma itemba hejuru y’ikidengeri c’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo ikirere ntikigire umwuka w’ikirere n’ugusenyuka.
Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba vy’umuyagankuba canke ubuhinga bw’umusaraba -jet bwihariye bituma haba ugusukura, gukayangana, kutagira oxide-, mu gihe ibikoresho bikomeye vyo mu bwato bifata umwotsi w’ivyuma n’ibintu bishobora gukingira ubuzima bw’uwubikoresha n’isuku ry’amaso.
Guharura igiciro cose c'ubutunzi n'ivyangombwa vyo guhitamwo umucuruzi
Gusuzuma ivyerekeye amahera nyakuri yo kuronka imashini yo gusudira y’inganda bisaba kuraba kure cane y’igiciro c’intango c’ugugura kugira ngo ubare igiciro cose c’ubutunzi (TCO). Naho ubuhinga bwa laser bukoresha amahera menshi, ubutunzi bwabo bw’igihe kirekire burarengeye cane uburyo bwa kera bwo gusudira kubera ko bugabanya cane ibiciro vy’abakozi, gukoresha ibikoresho bikeyi, gukuraho burundu inguvu z’ugusya no guheza intambwe nyinshi, n’ugukuraho inguvu zidasanzwe.
Igihe abahinga basuzuma amahera akoreshwa mu bikorwa, bategerezwa gufata mu muzirikanyi ingene umuyagankuba ukoresha, ingene gazi ishobora gukingira, urutonde rwo gusanasana ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha be n’ugusubirira amadirisho y’amaso. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa none birafise ubushobozi bwo gukora neza mu ruhome-akenshi birenze 30% gushika kuri 40%, bikagabanya cane amafaranga y’amashanyarazi y’ibibanza ugereranyije n’ibikoresho vya kera vy’ubuhinga bwa laser canke plasma. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri rusangi bigarukira ku gazi y’ubusuku bwinshi-n’ibipfukisho vy’ibimazi bikingira amaso y’intango y’ugushira umutima ku vyo gutera ivyatsi n’umwotsi.
Igihambaye kimwe ku bijanye n'ibikoresho ni izina, ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga, n'ibikorwa remezo vy'ugufasha inyuma y'ugucuruza vy'umucuruzi w'ibikoresho. Umuhinguzi yizigirwa akwiye gutanga ubufasha bwose bw’ubuhinga bwo gukoresha, afasha umugwi wawe w’abahinga bo mu mutima mu gutuma imiterere y’ibintu igenda neza, gupima ibice vy’ivyuma, kugerageza gutunganya ivyerekanwa, no gukora ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga. Ikindi kandi, nubone ko uwo mucuruzi atanga porogarama zikomeye zo kwigisha abakozi, urutonde rw’ibihimba vyo gusubirira bishobora kuboneka bitagoranye, ubushobozi bwo gupima kure, n’abahinga bo mu ndimiro bashobora gusubiza kugira ngo uruganda rugabanye igihe kitategekanijwe co guhagarara kandi rubone ko uruganda rushobora gutanga umwimbu mwinshi.
Ivyiyumviro bishasha: Gukurikirana neza, Gusuzuma AI Weld, no Gushiramwo Inganda 4.0
Uko ubuhinga buteye imbere bubandanya kwimuka bwihuta buja mu bigereranyo vy’Inganda 4.0 n’amahinguriro y’ubwenge, imashini y’ugusudira y’inganda iriko iratera imbere kuva ku gikoresho co gusudira kigenga gushika ku gikoresho c’ubwenge, gikoreshwa n’amakuru-mu nzira y’ubuhinga ihuye. Ivyuma vya laser vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’agaciro kanini biriko birarushiriza kugira ibikoresho vy’ugukurikirana igihe nyaco, ibikoresho vy’ugucungera inyishu z’uruzitiro rwugarijwe, n’ubuhinga bw’ubwenge bukorano bugenewe gutuma ata n’agasembwa bukora.
Kimwe mu bintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’agaciro kanini ni ubuhinga bwo gupima amaso (OCT) n’ugushiramwo amasanamu y’umuvuduko munini cane (CMOS) ashizwe mu mutwe w’ugusudira n’umuyagankuba. Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubona no gutahura bipima uburebure bw’umwobo w’urufunguzo, ubushuhe bwo ku ruhande, n’inyifato y’ivyuma vy’amazi mu gihe nyaco mu gihe c’ugusudira. Iyo micro-defect, gaz pore, canke ukubura ubufatanye bitanguye gusenyuka, ubuhinga bwo kugenzura bushobora guhindura ubwo nyene ububasha bwa laser canke umuvuduko w’urugendo ku nzira kugira ngo ikosore ikintu kidasanzwe imbere y’uko iyo nzira ikomeye. Uyu murongo w’ukwizera uburyo bwo mu murongo ugabanya cane ibisabwa mu kugerageza gusenyura n’ibiharuro vy’ibisigazwa.
Ikindi, igicu-gishingiye ku guhuza IoT bituma abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bashobora gukurikirana ubuhinga buhambaye bw’imashini-nk’ibipimo vy’ugusenyuka kw’amatara ya laser, ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha, ugushikama kw’umuvuduko wa gazi, n’ubushobozi bwo gukora buri musi-mu bikorwa vyinshi vyo kw’isi yose. Ivyuma vy’ugusanasana bishobora gusesangura iyo nzira igumaho y’amakuru y’ibikorwa kugira ngo bitegekanye gutunganya ibice imbere y’uko haba ikintu gikomeye co gusenyuka. Mu kwakira izo nzira z’ubuhinga bwa none, ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none birashobora gushika ku rugero rudasanzwe rw’ukwizigirwa kw’ibikorwa, ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana-, n’ubushobozi bwo gukora neza.
Iciyumviro
Kuronka imashini nziza yo gusudira laser y’inganda bigereranya intambwe y’ubuhinga ishobora guhindura cane uburyo, umuvuduko wo gukora, n’inyungu y’igihe kirekire- y’ibikorwa vyawe vyo gukora. Mu gutahura neza ubuhinga bwa laser, gusuzuma ibipimo bihambaye vy’ibikorwa nk’ubushobozi busohoka n’uguhingura umuco, guhingura ubuhinga bwo gukorana n’ubuhinga butagira umurongo, gukoresha ubuhinga bwo kugenzura ubuhinga bwa Industry 4.0, no kubara igiciro c’ukuri c’igihe kirekire c’ubutunzi, abaguzi b’inganda bashobora kazoza-ikimenyamenya c'umutungo. Waba uriko uratera imbere mu guhingura ibihimba vy’imodoka, gutunganya guhingura ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi, canke gutera imbere mu guhingura ivyuma vy’imibumbe, ubuhinga bwa laser bubereye burazibira ikinogo kiri hagati y’ubuhinga butagira uko bungana n’umusaruro munini w’inganda.